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lending library
A lending library is a library from which books are lent out. The earliest reference to or use of the term "lending library" yet located in English correspondence dates from ca. 1586; ''C'Tess Pembroke Ps. CXII''. v, "He is ... Most liberall and lending," referring to the books of an unknown type of library, and later in a context familiar to users of contemporary English, in 1708, by ''J. Chamberlayne; St. Gt. Brit.''; III. xii. 475〔Chamberlayne, John ''Magnae Britanniae notitia : or, the present state of Great Britain, with divers remarks upon the antient state thereof ..., Two and twentieth edition ... In two parts ...''. London, 1708〕 "(Libraries ) of Cambridge are Lending-libraries; that is, he that is qualified may borrow out of it any book he wants". This definition is closely associated with libraries in England before the Public Libraries Act 1850 was passed which allowed cities to use taxes to create and maintain libraries but did not require cities build them.〔Learner, Fred (1998) ''The Story of Libraries''. New York: Continuum, p. 143.〕 This definition is also applicable in the United States before 1850 and widespread School District Library Acts which were passed in many states at the same time. It may also refer to a library or other institution that sends materials on request to another library, usually via interlibrary loan.
== Types of lending libraries==
Professor Thomas Gram Bell Kelly was the first library historian to address the problem of classification and nomenclature of libraries in his book Early public libraries: a history of public libraries in Great Britain before 1850. Leeds Library (founded 1768) a private subscription or proprietary library, is also referred to as a public library and a circulating library, illustrating the need for a taxonomy that is not confusing. The major classifications, based on ownership are endowed libraries, institutional libraries (the most diverse), public libraries, and subscription libraries.〔Ollé, James. ''Library History''. London: Clive Bingley, 1979, p. 36.〕 Without tax from the community a library may be created with a gift or endowment, by subscription, or by adding it on to an existing structure or institution which also serves other purposes. Cost is assumed by the donor or donors in an endowed library; it is assumed by the users in a subscription library, and could or could not be assumed by the users depending on the function of the institution, these variations could be combined in some cases.〔Kelly, Thomas. ''Early Public Libraries: a history of public libraries in Great Britain before 1850''. London: Library Association, 1966, p. 68.〕 Private libraries are not covered by Kelly due to individual or small group ownership and his focus on the 'public' aspect of these institutions.
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